Art Dictionary

An abridged glossary of terms with a focus on the printmaking medium.

ABRADED.

Having a worn or rubbed appearance as a result of mechanical or chemical action. An abrasion is a localized abraded area.

ACID FREE.

A paper product having a pH level of 7 or above.

ACIDIC.

In paper, an unstable state whereby the molecular structure of the paper breaks down, causing discoloration and weakening of the sheet.

ACRYLIC.

Refers to a class of synthetic polymeric resins used extensively in emulsion paints, varnishes and adhesive formulations. In sheet form the acrylic resins bear trade names such as Plexiglas, Lucite and Perspex.

AGING.

The continuous action of atmospheric components- oxygen, moisture, as well as light, temperature – on materials and structures, leading to deterioration. Natural aging deterioration may also be caused by incompatible components reacting slowly within the structure.

AIR-BRUSH (Aerograph).

A small air-gun capable of spraying paint, ink, varnish or ground in a stream of fine droplets. It can be used in lithography and aquatint, for the application of a flat tint, and on drawings which are to be photographed in the half-tone technique.

ALKALINE BUFFER.

An additive used in paper-making processes and conservation treatments that will raise the pH level.

ALUMINUM.

This metal can be used in printmaking either as a plate, or as a support for an impression to be made upon. In the former case, it can be (a) engraved with the burin, (b) etched with mercuric bichloride, or (c) prepared lithographically. Impressions can be made directly onto the metal, in particular with the screenprinting technique.

ARCHIVAL.

An archival material should have a neutral or slightly alkaline pH; it should also have good aging properties.